Nūhou Hui Pūnaehana Wind Power: Abstract: Hōʻike kēia pepa i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hōʻoia hewa a me ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino o nā mea nui ʻekolu i loko o ke kaulahao hoʻokele makani turbine-hui pū, pahu pahu, a me nā mea hana, a hōʻuluʻulu i ke kūlana noiʻi o kēia manawa a me ka nui. nā ʻano o kēia ʻano kahua.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hewa, nā ʻano hewa a me nā pilikia maʻi o nā ʻāpana nui ʻekolu o nā ʻāpana composite, nā pahu pahu a me nā mea hana i nā mea hana makani makani e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, a me ka ʻike hewa hewa a me nā ʻano nānā ʻana i ke olakino, a hope loa nā manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia kahua.
0 Olelo mua
Mahalo i ke koi nui o ka honua no ka ikehu maʻemaʻe a me ka holomua nui o ka ʻenehana hana ʻenehana hana makani, ke piʻi mau nei ka mana o ka makani makani.Wahi a nā helu helu mai ka Global Wind Energy Association (GWEC), i ka hopena o 2018, ua hiki i ka mana o ka makani makani i ka 597 GW, a ua lilo ʻo Kina i ʻāina mua me ka nui o 200 GW, a hiki i 216 GW. , ʻoi aku ma mua o 36 o ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo i ka honua.%, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo ia i kona kūlana ma ke ʻano he mana makani alakaʻi o ka honua, a he ʻāina mana makani maoli.
I kēia manawa, ʻo kahi mea koʻikoʻi e keʻakeʻa nei i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka hoʻomohala olakino o ka ʻoihana mana makani ʻo ia ka pono o nā mea uila makani e koi aku i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka ikehu ma mua o nā wahie mōʻalihaku kahiko.ʻO ka lanakila o ka Nobel Prize in Physics a me ke kākau ʻōlelo mua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa Zhu Diwen i kuhikuhi i ke koʻikoʻi a me ka pono o ka nui o ka makani mana mea hana palekana palekana, a ʻo nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mālama ʻana he mau pilikia koʻikoʻi e pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ma kēia kahua [1] .Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hana makani ma nā wahi mamao a i ʻole nā wahi waho i hiki ʻole i nā kānaka.Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea hana makani i ke ala o ka hoʻomohala nui.Ke hoʻomau nei ka piʻi ʻana o ke anawaena o nā ʻili makani makani, e hoʻonui ana i ka mamao mai ka honua a i ka nacelle kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā mea koʻikoʻi.Ua hoʻopilikia nui kēia i ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hana makani makani a ua hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai mālama o ka ʻāpana.Ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke kūlana ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa a me nā kūlana mahiʻai makani o nā mea hana makani makani ma nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ke Komohana, ke hoʻomau nei ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana o nā mea hana makani makani ma Kina no ka hapa nui o ka loaʻa kālā.No nā makani makani ma uka me ke ola lawelawe o 20 makahiki, ke kumukūʻai mālama ʻO ka huina kālā o nā mahiʻai makani he 10% ~ 15%;no nā mahiʻai makani o waho, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o 20% ~ 25% [2].ʻO ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana o ka makani makani e hoʻoholo nui ʻia e ka hana a me ke ʻano mālama o nā mea uila makani.I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā māla makani i ke ʻano o ka mālama mau.ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hemahema i ka manawa, a ʻo ka mālama mau ʻana i nā mea hana paʻa e hoʻonui ai i ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana.koina.Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ke kumu o ka hewa i ka manawa, a hiki ke noiʻi ʻia i kēlā me kēia ma o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, kahi e lawe mai ai i nā koina hana nui a mālama.ʻO kahi hoʻonā i kēia pilikia, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana olakino olakino (SHM) no nā turbine makani e pale aku i nā pōʻino pōʻino a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o nā turbines makani, a laila e hōʻemi ana i ke kumu kūʻai o ka ikehu o ka mana makani.No laila, no ka ʻoihana makani He mea nui e hoʻomohala i ka ʻōnaehana SHM.
1. Ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka ʻōnaehana nānā ʻana i nā lako makani makani
Nui nā ʻano o nā mea hana mana makani, ʻo ia hoʻi: ʻo nā huila makani asynchronous hānai pālua ʻia (nā mea hoʻoheheʻe makani hoʻololi-wikiwiki), ka hoʻokele pololei ʻana i nā turbine makani hoʻopaʻa paʻa, a me nā mīkini uila semi-direct-drive synchronous.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe makani hoʻokele pololei, ʻo nā huila makani asynchronous hānai pālua ʻia me nā mea hana wikiwiki hoʻololi gearbox.Hōʻike ʻia kona ʻano kumu ma ke Kiʻi 1. ʻO kēia ʻano mea hana makani makani ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% o ka māhele mākeke.No laila, ʻike nui kēia ʻatikala i ka hōʻoia hewa a me ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino o kēia ʻano mea hana makani.
Kiʻi 1 ʻO ka hoʻolālā kumu o ka makani makani pā pālua
Ke hoʻohana nei nā mea hana makani a puni ka uaki ma lalo o nā haʻawe paʻakikī e like me ka ʻūhū makani no ka manawa lōʻihi.ʻO ke kaiapuni lawelawe koʻikoʻi i hoʻopilikia nui i ka palekana o ka hana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea uila makani.Ke hana nei ka ukana hoʻololi ʻana i nā lau turbine makani a hoʻouna ʻia ma o nā bearings, shafts, gears, generators a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ke kaulahao hoʻouna, e hana nui ana ke kaulahao hoʻouna i ka hemahema i ka wā lawelawe.I kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻōnaehana nānā i hoʻolako nui ʻia i nā mea uila makani ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana SCADA, hiki ke nānā i ke kūlana hana o nā mea mana makani e like me ka manawa, ka uila, ka pilina pili a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, a he mau hana e like me nā alarms a me nā hōʻike;akā ke nānā nei ka ʻōnaehana i ke kūlana Ua kaupalena ʻia nā ʻāpana, ʻo ka nui o nā hōʻailona e like me ka manawa, ka uila, ka mana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a aia nō ka hemahema o ka nānā ʻana i ka vibration a me nā hana hōʻoia hewa no nā mea nui [3-5].ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ke Komohana, ua hoʻomohala lōʻihi i nā lako kiaʻi kūlana a me nā polokalamu loiloi kikoʻī no nā lako mana makani.ʻOiai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻenehana nānā ʻana i ka vibration home, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka mana nui o ka makani a me ka noi ʻana i ka mākeke mālama, ua komo pū ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana nānā home i kahi pae o ka ulu wikiwiki.ʻO ka ʻike hewa naʻauao a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻo mua o nā mea hana makani hiki ke hōʻemi i ke kumukūʻai a hoʻonui i ka pono o ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka makani, a ua loaʻa i ka ʻae ʻana i ka ʻoihana mana makani.
2. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hewa nui o nā lako makani makani
ʻO nā mea hana makani makani he ʻōnaehana electromechanical paʻakikī e pili ana i nā rotors (blades, hubs, pitch system, etc.), bearings, main shafts, gearboxes, generators, towers, yaw system, sensors, etc. nā haawe hoʻololi i ka wā lawelawe.Ke hoʻonui nei ka manawa lawelawe, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā ʻano pōʻino a i ʻole nā hāʻule.
Kiʻi 2 ʻO ka ratio kumukūʻai hoʻoponopono o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o nā mea uila makani
Kiʻi 3 ʻO ka lākiō hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā lako mana makani
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka Figure 2 a me Figure 3 [6] ʻo ka downtime i hana ʻia e nā ʻili, nā pahu pahu, a me nā mea hana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 87% o ka downtime holoʻokoʻa i hoʻolālā ʻole ʻia, a ʻo nā kumukūʻai mālama i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 o ka nui o nā kumukūʻai mālama./4.No laila, i ka nānā ʻana i ke kūlana, ka ʻike hewa a me ka hoʻokele olakino o nā turbines makani, nā ʻili, nā pahu pahu, a me nā mea hana nā ʻāpana nui ʻekolu e pono e makaʻala.Ua kuhikuhi ka Wind Energy Professional Committee o ka Chinese Renewable Energy Society i kahi noiʻi 2012 e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o nā lako mana makani ʻāina [6] ʻo nā ʻano hemahema o nā ʻili makani makani ka nui o ka haki ʻana, ka uila uila, ka haki ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā kumu o ka hāʻule ʻole e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā, ʻO nā mea ponoʻī a me nā mea waho i ka wā o ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me nā pae lawelawe o ka hana, hana, a me ka lawe ʻana.ʻO ka hana nui o ka pahu pahu ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka ikehu makani haʻahaʻa no ka hana mana a hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki spindle.I ka wā o ka hana ʻana o ka turbine makani, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka pahu pahu ma muli o nā hopena o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaumaha a me ka ukana hopena [7].ʻO nā hewa maʻamau o nā pahu pahu e pili ana i nā hewa a me nā hewa lawe.ʻO ka hapa nui o ka Gearbox mai nā bearings.ʻO nā bearings kahi mea koʻikoʻi o ka pahu pahu, a ʻo kā lākou hāʻule pinepine e hoʻopōʻino i ka pahu pahu.ʻO nā hemahema o ka halihali ʻana, ʻo ia nō ka ʻili luhi, ka ʻaʻahu, ka haki, ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka pōʻino hale, a pēlā aku.ʻO nā hemahema maʻamau maʻamau ʻo ia ka ʻaʻahu, ka luhi o ka ʻili, ka haki, a me ka haki.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hewa o ka ʻōnaehana generator i nā hewa kaʻa a me nā hemahema mechanical [9].ʻO ka hapa nui o ka mīkini me ka hāʻule ʻole o ka rotor a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka halihali.ʻO ka hapa nui o ka rotor ke komo ʻole i ka imbalance rotor, ka haki ʻana o ka rotor, a me nā lima lima ʻōpala.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano o nā hewa kaʻa i nā hewa uila a me nā hewa mechanical.ʻO nā hewa uila e pili ana i ke kaapuni pōkole o ka rotor/stator coil, ka kaapuni hāmama i hana ʻia e nā pahu rotor haki, ka wela nui o ka generator, etc.;ʻO nā hewa mechanical e pili ana i ka haʻalulu nui o ka generator, ka lawe ʻana i ka wela nui, ka pōʻino insulation, ka ʻaʻahu koʻikoʻi, etc.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-30-2021
